Steve King

Group Intelligence Software Explained

Steve Jobs designed the office structures and atrium at Pixar so it forces people with different skills and viewpoints to rub elbows and socialize in ad hoc encounters.

With the help of a great workspace, Pixar executives developed a meeting culture that mandates peer-to-peer exchanges. Everyone in the room contributes, without fear of existential threat, before the meeting is adjourned.

After Pixar and Disney merged, Pixar exec Ed Catmull said it took Pixar about 4 hours to explain their collaboration framework and about 4 years to actually deploy it in the Disney context.

Collaboration design... not trivial stuff!

If collaboration is this hard for the top players... what about the rest of us!?

Google facilitated sprints

The Google Ventures incubator holds 5 day workshops (documented in Sprint by Jake Knapp) to refine the product offerings of high-velocity start-ups, e.g., Slack, Medium, Nest, etc.

The facilitator's qualitative skills and team orchestration can overcome bad group dynamics and mental gridlock in meetings and conferences. But unfortunately, good facilitors are a somewhat rare commodity in the average workplace.

A GV sprint workshop is a series of structured discussions that include key stakeholders and domain experts: engineering, design, marketing, product, etc. The week-long sprints iterate from customer goals and scenarios into a working prototype and usability validation. These highly focused and choreographed facilitator mindmelds can sometimes (but not always) produce remarkable results. Great effort has been expended to duplicate this experience in day-to-day organizational workflows, with mixed results due to dependence on highly skilled and specialized facilitators.

Group Intelligence Software

If you don't have an expert facilitator on tap, an alternative is Group Intelligence software, a team tool that can move a cross-discipline workgroup through lightly structured brainstorm exercises with the goal of shared problem solving, co-creation and peer-to-peer decision making.

Group Intelligence software can be more effective than Slack, Yammer, Jive and other social collaboration tools, which are essentially just chat and content sharing... not facilitated problem solving.

One of the key principles of Group Intelligence is the pattern of converging and diverging ideas created by the group.

Cognitive patterns of collaboration

Expanding the scope of discussion is known as "divergence" in facilitator-speak. Narrowing down the concepts for discussion is "convergence" or "reduction."

To navigate a shared reasoning experience, team members must jointly engage in a sequence of cognitive thinking patterns that are supported by neural structures managed by the prefrontal cortex (Damasio and Damasio, 1992; Holyoak and Kroger, 1995).

Diverge — move from having fewer concepts to having more concepts.

Converge — move from having many concepts to focusing on a few concepts deemed worthy of further attention.

Organize — move from less understanding to more understanding of the relationships among concepts.

Elaborate — move from having concepts expressed in less detail to having concepts expressed in more detail.

Abstract — move from having concepts expressed in more detail to having concepts expressed in less detail.

Evaluate — move from less understanding of the value of concepts for achieving a goal to more understanding of the value of concepts for achieving a goal.

Build Consensus — Move from having less agreement among stakeholders to having more.

Initial concept input

A group-intelligence elicitation session starts with an input tool that gathers concepts from a local or distributed team of knowledge workers and domain experts. In this example, team inputs are "bucketed" in SWOT categories, but the categories are completely flexible and can be different for every exercise.

Multi-scale rating tool

After concepts are received from team members, subsequent exercises organize, rank, rate and prioritize the items. Each discussion item can be ranked by multiple criteria

Check-off exercise

The multi-check tool lets users prioritize items they have defined in a previous exercises.

Science of collaboration

Under the covers, team problem solving exercises are assisted with patterns drawn from cognitive science and Group Intelligence research. One model for shared cognition is based on Thinklets, small units of useful, repeatable collaborative thought process. Each block in this diagram represents a Thinklet.

(A Conceptual Foundation of the ThinkLet Concept for Collaboration Engineering; Briggs, et. al.)

This is a partial list of thinklet collaboration patterns. A group intelligence session comprises a set of thinklets organized into a generative flow with a tangible outcome. Thinklets are: "Named, packaged facilitation strategies that create predictable, repeatable patterns of collaboration."

(Collaboration Engineering: Foundations and Opportunities, Gert-Jan de Vreede, et. al.)

Group intelligence exercise

Shown is a guided cybersecurity attack and penetration exercise. The same process flow could be applied to marketing, product design, risk management, decision support, health care, etc.

Different thinklet shared thinking patterns can be used at each step in the collaboration process.

Group Intellignce software simulates many of the qualities of real-world collaboration spaces but without the "group grid-lock" and heard mentality. Shown above: Pixar collaboration enclave.

Body of work

The approach to "virtual mindmeld meetings" described above is based on my work with senior facilitators and collaboration experts over the past 10+ years. With the help of opensource software, including the Apache machine learning stack , affordable, practical collaboration software solutions can be built for a wide range of team problem-solving exercises.

Companion sites

Here's a companion info page, which looks at knowledge-exchange platforms that scale to very large communities:

Topic Community Platforms

Group Intelligence software focuses on "augmented" workgroups. In contrast, Topic Community plaforms are for larger problem-solving enclaves, i.e., different solutions but with lots of overlap.

Thanks to Paul Adams, Bob Briggs, Derek Leebaert, Karen Chenette, David Tobey, David Boje and the many other researchers, collaboration experts and shared thinking advocates that I have communed with over the years.

Apple's campus in the Bay area is a collaboration spaceship. If your org can't afford this sort of workgroup tool, Group Intelligence software is the next best thing :)

Please see companion sites on analytics-driven collaboration enclaves and more:

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My Group Intelligence Research

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